INTRODUCTION: Amphotericin B, azole or sulfamide drugs are used for treatment of patients with paracoccidioidomycosis. Among the azole drugs, voriconazole was active in vitro against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and showed efficacy in the treatment of patients infected with this fungus.In the present study the antifungal activity of voriconazole and of other drugs was compared in a rat model of paracoccidioidomycosis. METHODS: Wistar rats were inoculated intravenously with the BOAS strain of P. brasiliensis and antifungal drugs were administered to the animals by gavage at the following doses (mg/kg weight/day): voriconazole (5 to 20), ketoconazole (12 to 15), fluconazole (6), itraconazole (4), and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (120 to 150). The antifungal activity of the drugs was assessed by determining the P. brasiliensis colony forming units in the lungs and spleen of the animals at the end of treatment and by a survival study. RESULTS: Voriconazole reduced the total tissue fungal burden of P. brasiliensis, particularly at doses of ≥10mg/kg weight/day but its antifungal activity was less intense than that of fluconazole, itraconazole and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. The mean survival of animals treated with the last three drugs, 29.1±10.7, 26.1± 10.1 and 28.4±9.6 days, respectively, was higher than that achieved with voriconazole 10mg/kg weight/day (18.5±8.3 days) and that observed in untreated animals (15.7±3.6 days). CONCLUSIONS: At doses similar to those used for clinical treatment, voriconazole showed lower antifungal activity in experimental rat paracoccidioidomycosis than that obtained with itraconazole and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim.

A Reserva Indígena Xacriabá situa-se no norte do Estado de Minas Gerais, próxima do município de Manga e do vale do Rio São Francisco. A população índia é miscigenada com brancos e negros e exerce atividades agrícolas e pecuária. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas de 180 habitantes da Reserva (85 homens e 95 mulheres), com 15 a 84 anos de idade, testando-se o soro pelo método da contraimunoeletroforese com antígenos de Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Histoplasma capsulatum, Cryptococcus neoformans e Candida albicans. Verificou-se soros reagentes em, respectivamente, 5%, 3,9%, 7,2% e 6,7% do total de amostras. Os indivíduos reativos com antígenos de P. brasiliensis e H. capsulatum eram predominantemente mulheres e tinham idade menor e títulos médios mais elevados de anticorpos do que os reativos com outros antígenos.Os resultados são sugestivos da ocorrência de paracoccidiodomicose-infecção e de histoplasmose-infecção, nas primeiras décadas de vida dos habitantes, na área da Reserva Indígena Xacriabá.

Xacriabá Indian Reserve is situated in the north of Minas Gerais State, Brazil, near the municipality of Manga and São Francisco River. The Indian population is miscegenated with caucasian and negroid people and have farming activities. Blood samples were collected from 180 inhabitants of the reserve (85 men and 95 women), 15 to 84 years old. Serum antibodies against antigens of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Histoplasma capsulatum, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Candida albicans were tested for by counterimmunoelectrophoresis method. Seropositivity was verified in 5%, 3.9%, 4.2%, and 6.7%, respectively of the 180 samples. Those seropositive for antigens of P. brasiliensis and H. capsulatum were predominantly women and had lower age and more elevated mean titers of antibodies than individuals whose sera reacted with antigens of C. neoformans and C. albicans. The results suggest the occurrence of paracoccidioidomycosis-infection and histoplasmosis-infection in the Xacriabá Indian Reserve, particularly in the first decades of life of the inhabitants.